Interview with Dr. Christian Zouain – 378
In this podcast episode, we revisit our enlightening conversation with CDI Expert Dr. Christian Zouain. He shares his journey from foreign medical graduate to a Clinical Documentation Improvement (CDI) specialist.
Dr. Zouain reveals how his transition from pursuing a traditional residency path led him to discover CDI. There he found his calling in ensuring accurate medical documentation. This critical aspect of the medical record impacts patient care quality and hospital revenues, which creates excellent opportunities for CDI consultants and medical directors.
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The Daily Life of a CDI Specialist
Working as a CDI specialist involves reviewing patient records, collaborating with physicians, and ensuring accurate documentation for both quality care and appropriate reimbursement.
Dr. Zouain describes the evolution from traditional paper-based systems to modern electronic health records, emphasizing how technology has transformed the way CDI specialists interact with healthcare providers. The role offers regular working hours (typically 8-4 or 9-5) and provides opportunities for both on-site and remote work.
Growing Opportunities in the CDI Field
The CDI field continues to expand, offering various career paths from hospital-based positions to remote consulting roles. Dr. Zouain emphasizes the importance of starting with hands-on hospital experience before transitioning to remote work.
He recommends three helpful steps to consider when pursuing this career:
- joining professional organizations like ACDIS and AHIMA,
- pursuing certifications such as the CCDS (Certified Clinical Documentation Specialist) and CDIP (Certified Documentation Integrity Professional), and,
- networking within the CDI community.
Summary
Whether you're a foreign medical graduate, practicing physician, or healthcare professional looking for a change, CDI provides a promising career alternative that leverages clinical knowledge in a new way.
Want to learn more about CDI? Connect with Dr. Zouain on LinkedIn or check out ACDIS's apprenticeship program. Your journey into healthcare documentation excellence awaits.
Links for today's episode:
- Dr. Christian Zouain's LinkedIn
- ACDIS
- ACDIS Apprenticeship Program
- AHIMA
- Follow This Plan to Establish a Solid Hospital CDI Career
- Why CDI Medical Director Is a Great Nonclinical Job – 224
- PNC Podcast Blast from the Past – No Residency Is No Problem – 211
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- The Nonclinical Career Academy
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Transcription PNC Podcast Episode 378
Become a CDI Expert
- A PNC Classic from 2019 with Dr. Christian Zouain
John: Hello, Dr. Christian Zouain, welcome to the PNC podcast. I'm happy that you're here with us today.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Oh, Dr. Jurica, thanks for having me. I'm a frequent listener, I really appreciate you having me today as a guest.
John: Awesome, one of my three listeners. I'm glad to hear. Hi, mom. No. Kidding. So, no, I really wanted to get you on here. I did listen to a recent podcast where you were a guest and it was really interesting. I personally have this interest in CDI, which we'll explain what that is in a minute, but I thought you'd be a good one because you've had some recent experience in different venues, and I thought, okay, let's get Christian on the podcast.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Great, thanks. Yeah, sure.
John: good, it'll be fun. All right. I'll have recorded a short intro. It gives a little background about you, but why don't you tell us just a little bit, if you want to give us the brief history and a little bit about what you're doing right now?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah, sure. I am a foreign medical graduate, originally from the Dominican Republic. I moved to the United States in 2011 to pursue residency initially, and while I studied for the boards, I worked as a medical assistant, later as a medical scribe, later landed a job in case management, utilization review at a hospital, as a means to get closer to the hospital setting and make connections, meet the doctors and obtain a residency position.
This is when I started doing research and looking into other non-clinical options, which I've never, had never done before. To me, the only path was obviously coming from the Dominican Republic was going into clinical or that's it. I knew a few people that were doing research, but I started exploring the other options. I remember I attended the SEAK non-clinical careers conference in Chicago in 2015, which is the one you've mentioned in your podcast a couple of times already.
John: Let me break in here and clarify that the SEAK non-clinical careers conference is spelled S-E-A-K, and it's not an acronym for anything. There's a reason why it's spelled that way, but it really doesn't relate to the content of the conference. It is still running annually in the Chicago area as far as I know. They just had their most recent annual big non-clinical physicians conference this past October, a few weeks ago, and I believe they will continue to do this annually. It's held not too far from O'Hare airport. They say it's in Chicago.
It's really technically in a hotel at Rosemont, Illinois. Next year will be the 20th event. Most physicians find it really useful because it presents about 20 live lectures over two days, plus access to 40 mentors, more or less during those two days. And they also have, I think, one or two pre-conferences. there's a lot going on. And I thought I would just mention that, and let's get back to our conversation.
Dr. Christian Zouain: And it really helped me realize that I was not alone in my decision to pursue a non-clinical path. then I enrolled in a clinical documentation improvement and ICD-10 coding course at New York University through the advice of a friend. This was actually new because ICD-10 was coming up. It was 2015. It was a big change, October 1st. they were saying that CDI was a growing career that actually needed a lot of healthcare professionals to jump in.
And while taking this course, I learned a lot about the impact that a complete and accurate documentation had in all areas of healthcare. I became really interested in that, and I eventually just decided to jump all in into CDI as a career path. At that point, I also became more involved with the use of social media, LinkedIn. And through there, I was able to land my first position in CDI. right now, yeah.
John: That's great. Let me stop there because I want to check a couple of things with you because some of what you said resonates with me. My recollection when I was working in the hospital setting was, I was involved with UM and CDI both. And at least my recollection was anything having to do with utilization management and the cost of care and even quality, much of it depends on the documentation. it's a natural partner in that whole process of trying to at least improve how things look on paper in terms of the quality. Would you agree with that? Was that part of this thing that led you to the CDI?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah, definitely. Everything, all aspects of that, I would say would fall into place after you would get that true clinical picture of that particular case with the documentation. It's not just about... Initially, I remember I was thinking, okay, it's about reimbursement. And that caught my attention. But then later I started to find that a lot of things besides the reimbursement had a huge say with documentation.
John: I remember when we had projects and we were working on some quality project or some UM project or whatever, we always had the director for, well, it was health information services or whatever it was, but basically it was the coding experts who were at every darn meeting.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah, and that's a huge part of it. In my previous job as a CDI, I was the only CDI, and I was involved particularly with all the administration. I had to report directly to the CFO. And it was a new venture for me because I came from my first experience, which was a department of 12 CDI specialists. We were just there reviewing charts and closing our records, dealing with the coders. But now I would have to go to all these meetings with the administration. I had to interact with the doctors, with case management, with quality management. I would see how it all blended together. I had to be there. I had to be in those meetings. And it's actually also a good opportunity to let them know up front what things need to be done. When they discuss cases, I can just jump in and let them know, this is how we can better document this particular situation for next time, just we don't have to go through the query process. And that way you also work to educate the physicians.
John: Absolutely. The other factor that's heavily dependent on documentation and coding, and we're not talking a lot about it here today, maybe a little bit we're touching on it, but it's the perceived quality of your hospital. The risk-adjusted mortality, complications, and length of stay depend on the accuracy of coding and understanding of inclusion and exclusion criteria and risk adjustment related to preexisting conditions versus those that develop during a hospital stay.
So for all those top 100 hospitals and all those five-star hospitals and forth, they heavily depend on very complete and accurate documentation and coding to demonstrate the quality of care because of those factors I just mentioned. All right. Let's get back to our interview. we're going to go back and go through the detail of how you actually made that transition.
You started to tell us about that, but I want to put a plug in for myself right now, only because I did a podcast early on in one of my, I guess I'd call him a friend, although we don't keep in touch, but we were working together at the hospital I worked at, and that was Cesar Limjoco, who's sort of this icon in a sense of CDI. I think you've probably heard of him, and he's got this massive following on LinkedIn and everything.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah, I do. I do follow him. I haven't been able to, probably this year at this conference, I think he usually presents every year. Probably I'll go ahead and meet up with him. I mean, I know him. I've seen his articles. I follow him on LinkedIn, and he has really good information.
John: Yeah. And the thing that it was, in doing that interview, I mean, I really liked it because he gave like his whole perspective, but the thing is he is unique in the sense that he's been doing this consulting for long, and now there's other companies that are doing it, and really the starting point for someone like you or I back years ago was not what he's doing because he's been doing this for long. So I've been wanting to get a hold of somebody like yourself who has been a more recent entry into this, and again, that's just another reason why I'm happy to have you here on the podcast today, but I will say that was episode number five for anyone that wants to listen to it.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah, I do remember. That was actually, I think, that was the first episode I heard from your podcast when I heard his interview. Yeah, because I was, I really wanted to know more about his journey as well.
John: Well, now we're going to supplement with your journey because you're following in the footsteps.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Thank you.
John: you had been exposed to UM, you became interested in CDI, you actually took the ICD-10 course, but then what are the steps did you take to try and make that leap into basically was essentially a brand new career for you?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Well, I was doing case management and utilization review, and what really caught my attention again was the contribution that Accurate Documentation brought to the process of healthcare. And I mean, I just decided that at that point, clinical medicine wasn't for me. I think that I just saw value and importance of helping the hospitals, helping the physicians in this current profession. that's why I decided eventually to take it on as a career path. I don't know if I'm correctly answering your question. Just let me know.
John: Let me ask you this, and I'll ask you some leading questions. were the hospital, where you're doing the UM, did they have a formal CDI program and did you end up working for them or did you end up going somewhere else?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Oh, no, I ended up going somewhere else. I believe they did later. I would find out later. They have some sort of CDI program that was starting. But I, again, I started doing research. I started being more involved with LinkedIn. So I started following all these hospitals. I was back in New York. And I would follow their HR department and this particular opportunity came up where they said that they were looking for professionals in the healthcare arena to go into CDI.
It was actually a dinner conference. if you had some sort of exposure or knew a little bit about CDI in some formal way, you could attend that meeting. I, at the time I was doing, I was doing the course at NYU. that was my ticket to go, to get into that dinner conference. And that's where I met my future boss. And eventually I was hired as a CDS.
John: now this was part of their recruiting process for people.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yes.
John: Okay. Where were they promoting that? Where did you see that?
Dr. Christian Zouain: On LinkedIn.
John: On LinkedIn, was it a company that you were following or did they reach out to you?
Dr. Christian Zouain: It was a company that I was following, a health system. And yeah, they posted the human resources recruiter, posted the ad on LinkedIn. And I contacted them, send them all the information. At first they were hesitant because the course at NYU was new. they didn't know, but they wanted to. But I sent them the curriculum and everything and they said, "Okay, you know a bit about CDI. You've been studying for a while on that. you're good to come in." And I remember I was expecting for it to be a big conference or at least a lot of people to join in because I got new at the moment. That's all I would hear about how the CDI profession was growing. I was thinking I don't have the experience.
I was told by a friend initially that you might have to take a pay cut from your case management position because you don't have experiences in CDI. But I was willing to do that because I knew there was a better path for me in CDI. I actually went and it turned out to be the opposite. I didn't end up taking the pay cut. It was actually more. Well, I didn't have the experience, but at that point, there weren't a lot of professionals that had experience.
So I remember I showed up to the dinner meeting conference and we were like five applicants only. we had, there was the health system, each director for CDI of each hospital, which were around five. There were only five people that showed up that were interested. Two of them I remember were also foreign medical graduates, but didn't live close by. And one of them was a nurse who worked on the floor still. I was the only one who, okay, I was already taking the class of CDI and I had good interactions with the other directors.
The little I knew at that time, I was able to discuss during the dinner because they had a presentation, but then we had a moment where we would sit down at the table and meet the other directors. each one of them, I was able to interact with at some point. And one of them actually caught interest in me and decided to interview me and I was in.
John: No, that sounds excellent. That is such a good example of networking, getting in front of somebody who is in a position to make a decision about recruiting and forth. Let me jump in again on this point. LinkedIn is extremely useful. And I would say a necessity if you're looking for a non-clinical job. There is a lot of recruiting and hiring done directly through LinkedIn for many of these non-clinical jobs and some clinical. Many recruiters use it as their number one way to find and contact eligible candidates.
So it behooves you to optimize your LinkedIn profile and understand how to use it. If you're not comfortable setting up your LinkedIn profile and how to use LinkedIn effectively, I recommend you purchase the course called LinkedIn for Physicians by Dr. Heather Fork. Now, this has been out for, I think, at least three years. And she does updates on it every often. It's quite comprehensive.
And you can go find her website at doctorscrossing.com or you can go to my link and check it out at nonclinicalphysicians.com/linkedincourse. That's all one word. nonclinicalphysicians.com/inkedincourse. And I do receive a small payment. If you purchase using my link, the cost is the same either way. But this is an affiliate link. Okay. Now, let's return to the conversation. Now, at that point, were you already a member of any kind of professional society or organization? I mean, is it the ACDIS or there's other organizations? How does that fit into this whole scenario?
Dr. Christian Zouain: No, not yet. At that point, I remember I was still deciding. I was still studying for my boards and et cetera. I wasn't fully in. I haven't decided yet. I was still thinking about CDI as an approach to continue to work with the doctors and acquire experience and make connections.
But then it was that my director at that point, when she was a nurse, but she'd been doing CDI for 15 years. And I remember her telling me, "If you know CDI, if you learn to do CDI well, if you know the basics and acquire experience over time, this experience will take you a long way. You can do a lot of things. You can jump into different areas of healthcare, not necessarily clinical." I think that was the last step for me when I decided, you know what? I think I'm sticking with CDI instead of going into clinical.
So when I made that decision, I started reading more. I started getting more involved with the associations with ACDIS. After two years, I was able to, I got my ACDIS certification and also obtained the one from AHIMA, the CDIP. The one for ACDIS is the CCDS, which you're allowed to obtain two years after, with two years of experience working in the field. at that point, yeah. they have a lot of resources. So I really jumped in. I purchased. They have books, they have guides. that was a good turning point right there because even if when I took the class, I wasn't really sure until you get your hands on in the actual work, you start realizing what it's really about. when you combine that with the resources that are available out there, it makes it much easier. it makes much more sense.
John: let me just clarify for the listeners. the ACDIS is one big organization of people that are involved in CDI are with. Now AHIMA is A-H-I-M-A, right? Is the acronym?
Dr. Christian Zouain: That's correct.
John: Yes. That's more about health information.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yes, that covers a lot more. That covers HIM, medical records, coding. ACDIS is focused on, exclusively on clinical documentation.
John: Allow me to clarify here a little bit. There are two major organizations that Christian discusses here. The first one is the ACDIS, Association of Clinical Documentation Specialists. You'll hear later in the interview about their apprentice program. But what they're really known for is the CCDS certification, that Certified Clinical Documentation Specialist. And you can find that at acdis.org. So that's the first one. And then the other organization is AHIMA. That's A-H-I-M-A, AHIMA, American Health Information Management Association. And it has at least eight different certification programs. Usually, I think the CDIP is the one most applicable to physicians, which stands for Clinical Documentation Integrity Professional. And that's a CDIP certification, can be found there at ahima.org, A-H-I-M-A.org.
Okay. Now, let's get back to the interview. And I think this is my last interruption. Now here's a question I have because you brought up ICD-10. Which is kind of, that's on the, pretty much the diagnosis codes basically, right?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Correct.
John: How important is that? I mean, that's important in inpatient and outpatient. We're talking mostly inpatient right now in terms of where you were, is that right?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yes, yes. ICD-10 works, you have on the inpatient side, you have ICD-10, and for clinical codes and for procedures, you have ICD-10 PCS. In the outpatient, for clinical codes, you have ICD-10 and for procedural codes, you have CPT. that's something different right there. there's a lot of, yeah.
John: Now, in my recollection, sort of the coding, the documentation, the risk adjustment was more or less based on the MS-DRGs, but the ICD-10 feeds into the MS-DRGs. Is that how it works?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yes. It's a bit of a complicated subject, but you have the right path right there. You have ICD-10, which then bundles up the list of diagnosis and then you obtain an MS-DRG, which is then what you use to then bill and what reflects the severity of the patient's condition while he was treated. Or outpatient.
John: there's many different directions we could go, but let's focus on your career at this point. what were you doing in that first job? If I remember, that was a hospital-based job and you're basically helping them better demonstrate the documentation and you can maybe tell us how that day looked like for you and what were the benefits for the hospital as well when you're discussing that? Maybe you can address that.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Sure. my first experience is CDI. we would basically come in CDI, you work Monday through Friday, it's office hours, but it also depends on the hospital and the hospital needs. You might be working with a specific department. It could be surgery. You might want to come in a little bit earlier because surgery is rounding at 7:00 a.m., 6:00 a.m., but our hours were around 8:00 to 4:00, 9:00 to 5:00.
So we would come in, we would have a list of records that we would need to review, particularly at, let's say, at the two-day, three-day mark after the patients were admitted. Not just right away because we wanted to give time to the physicians they could document, we could have enough documentation. It wasn't just like, okay, we just have an HMP, let's go with that. No, we wanted to give the admitting physician and the consultants to take a look at what was going on with the patient and then review.
So we would have a set number of cases that we would do in the morning, my colleagues and I. And in this particular hospital, it was still hybrid. it wasn't completely in... the medical records weren't completely in the electronic medical system. the progress notes were still in paper. we would have to go to the floors and it was a good opportunity as well because there we would see the doctors from time to time they were around or their residents or the physician assistants if we needed to ask them right away.
But we would, this is how the process goes, we review the cases. We would leave a query if we needed clarification on a case. We will leave a paper query inside written document, inside the record. they would see and remember it was a green fluorescent color. they wouldn't miss it. And once they opened that, they would look at the query and they would respond on the next progress note accordingly. And that we will leave there. We would come back the next day and follow up if the cases were not to see if the cases were answered or not. If they didn't, then we would escalate if it had been a couple of days. But particularly most of the time they would ask or we would see them around in the hospital. we would ask them just like I told you earlier, right there and there. And they were either document, agree or disagree. Then we would bring it back, close the cases. And once the case was already sent to billing in this particular hospital, we were involved with coding and we knew at the end what the final DRG was. we were able to make sure to see if we had impact or not on that particular case. we would start with what's called a working DRG, which is the initial DRG that reflected that patient when we first reviewed that case.
Once we obtained the further clarification, the diagnosis with more specificity, then we would change to DRG. we would have a system that would compare both and would tell us the difference that we had achieved on that particular case. I know that that's one of the metrics that we were able to capture with our program and see how good we were doing. We would also get feedback from the coding department. They would receive their denials.
So we would know if a particular case that we had impact had been taken back and it was denied because it didn't meet criteria. we knew what action to take further next time if we needed to change the criteria we were asking the doctors and what to do forth.
John: Yeah, and I want to jump in here and try and for you listeners that are maybe not used to hearing about CDI, I mean, if you work in a hospital, you're pretty much aware of it because you're going to be having these conversations. But the thing is, I mean, it can make such a big difference in both the payment that might because it's DRG based and if you're in a low DRG versus a high DRG, but the quality, that was my big thing when I was chief medical officer is that your risk adjustment's going to look lousy if your documentation's not good and someone who really has renal failure as opposed to, let's say, mild renal injury or something or you name it.
I mean, it becomes important to capture this information and to have basically these consultants like yourself, Christian, walking around helping the physicians. Now, they don't necessarily always want the help. Some do. I guess that's my question for you. Were they already used to having CDI people around and did your relationship with the physicians, was it pretty good there?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah, this particular hospital, it was a big hospital. It was a 900-bed hospital and I know the program had been there for a couple of years already, but being that they were still in some part in paper, it would make it a bit, let's say, annoying for them because now a lot of programs, they use either email or you can send the queries through the actual medical record. in this case, you would have to leave everything, leave something in the medical record.
You don't know if they probably missed it or they didn't really want to answer the query. And in this particular hospital, it was interesting. Some of them were okay because coming also from a clinician's background, being a doctor myself, I know what they go through, what they're going through. So they have tons of other people calling them all the time. They have nurses, they have discharges that they have to do, they have case management, they have people from that administration calling them. with us, if we needed to contact them, we had to page them.
John: Right.
Dr. Christian Zouain: I knew that they were for me when I first started I said, oh my God, but a page that's for emergencies. And sometimes when I would call when I would page them with my number. I would pick up the phone I said I would say, "Good afternoon, CDI clinical documentation. This is Christian." Let's say, is this an emergency? This is not an emergency. I mean, you're paging me. So from that point, it was a bit difficult. Some of the doctors they would just run away. Sometimes we had to be a bit inappropriate because we would see them maybe in the cafeteria or just walking into the hospital. We tried to be as polite as we could they just let them know, "Doc, you have a query in one of your records would you mind taking a look when you have the chance or where can I find you later?"
That's what we don't have to do it right here and there in the cafeteria. Maybe they're taking a break. But yeah, those particular hospitals if it's a big facility and I would say with the inconvenience that this system is not fully automated it could be a bit of a hassle. Later when I was in my second job as CDI where I was the only one, everything was electronic and it was a smaller hospital, but I didn't have a problem there with going meeting with the physicians because it was mostly internal medicine doctors and they were all pretty good. So it depends a lot on the exposure that they have and if you're working with different specialties that could also be something to take in consideration because going from a multi-specialty hospital to internal medicine, basic medicine institution it's a big difference. You're able to handle it better.
John: Let me ask you, Christian. based on those first two experiences. I mean, how were you feeling? Were you pretty happy with the way things were going? Were you pleased that you had made that transition? I just want to understand how you were feeling and whether you feel like it also was a fit like with your personality and what advice you would give to others in that regard?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah. It was tough. At that first one, it was tough because I wanted to let the doctors know that I wasn't there to really bother them again. The majority if we could handle it with the residents or with the PAs up front we would do it. But if it was, say, a surgery attending someone that's really, really busy, sometimes I would think twice on it. Maybe should I go? Should I do it?
I had my ups and downs on that particular job. But I knew that it was different because I've in other places because I would talk to other colleagues. I knew that it could change, that it was just the part that it was starting ICD-10 and in the whole process of documentation on the day until doctors would actually get readjusted. And until they would find update upgrade the system. it would make it easier for them. Because the way it was, it wasn't particularly really convenient for them right now, until later once I started my second job it was particularly way much easier. Now I had control electronically, the doctors could just come in and see my notification there and answer right away. They wouldn't have to be bothered with a call or a page unless they didn't really answer I did have to call them. Yeah, just to answer your question it was, initially I had my ups and downs. But I knew it was going to get better because it was just a particular case of where I was at the time.
John: Okay. Let me ask you this, because this can be a big impact on the way someone in your position is working and feeling. Did you feel like both institutions they had the support of leadership? I mean, here's what I experience is that sometimes the CEO or the COO doesn't want to have that conversation with the medical staff to say hey guys and gals, this is important, and we want to do a good job for you, we want to pair a nurse as well. We want to get paid and the only way we can do it is if you document and we support what we're doing here. We ask you to support it. I mean, did you feel like you had that kind of support at the institutions generally?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yes, yes, but especially at my second job, because now I was, like I said, I was more involved with the hospital's administration. I was there at every meeting. The doctors already knew me. I remember when I first came in, they actually, they introduced me to the whole staff at one of their monthly meetings, to all of the attending docs. And I felt like I was really important. They really paid attention. And that's a good point you're making when you have the support of your CFO, your CEO when they back you up and they see that importance, they see that it's really necessary.
And especially when you're working in conjunction with the other disciplines again when I worked with case management and quality altogether. Sometimes the case management department would call me, the nurses would call me and will tell me, "I just saw that this particular GRG for this patient it's only giving us three days. Can you take a look at the case?" And sometimes I would say, "Oh." Especially turns out that this case, I had a query for one of the doctors until he answers if he answers, I mean, in the way that I'm expecting, it might change.
So I would tell them, "It might change, it might not. I just have to clarify. Well, I'm thinking of something but I just have to clarify the information with the attending." they would help me, once they had that conversation with the doctor in the floor, they would tell them, "Listen, Christian told me that you had some pending documentation that you need to further clarify. can you please go ahead go down to the floor where he's at and work on that to see if we can move this patient around, if we can keep him or what's going on." at that point, I had good interaction with everyone. we were all working together with a common goal.
John: Excellent. that's good. Yeah, I think that when you're working on a team and you have the support of administration, it's great. maybe that's even something to look at when someone's looking for that second or third job, maybe the first one. Now, I don't want to get bogged down here. you've been involved in a big institution with lots of staff. You've been involved where you're like the solo person, the solo at least the physician CDI person. then you made another change, right? you're doing something different now within CDI. why don't you explain that to us?
Dr. Christian Zouain: yeah, right now I'm working for a company. The company works for, I work remotely. Exclusively remote. I work from home. I know it's a big change. And I decided to make that change because I wanted to experience something different than just being in the hospital. I know there's a lot of these companies out there that they help in some sort of way. They either take over a whole CDI department for a hospital just like they did in the first hospital I used to work, or they help at the back end with physician education, denials management, and CDI. I was looking for that because I saw a trend and that's why I wanted to experience that. And also, I wanted to get to work in an environment with a lot of professionals from different backgrounds. CDI is a field that you're constantly learning new things and you don't know everything. That's why you have to stay updated, continue to read, go to conferences.
I like to be in an environment when I have all these professionals interacting with one another where you can get help in a particular thing to see what can you do in this particular situation? Do you have experience on this? that's also what caught my attention. that's what I'm doing right now.
John: now with that, how does that compare in your mind? Do you feel like this remote CDI activities, do you think that's going to be something that grows? Is it difficult to do when you don't actually have let's say a face-to-face relationship with somebody? What's your opinion on that?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Well, in this particular situation, I feel like the doctors have already, physicians in the hospitals that we work for, they've had some previous experience with CDI in the past couple of years. Every time if I'd contact them through email most of the time. But if they do have any questions or anything, they can just contact me. They can call me. But I haven't seen the need in this particular case to have that face-to-face because I think as time has gone by, they're used to the whole process. they know what CDI is looking for. I rarely get here and there a doctor that's asking me, "Do I have to do this same thing for every case that I have?" And I say, "No." Obviously. But that's one in 100. I mean, I think they're getting used to it and the whole process. I mean, it's still the process that we follow still has their CDI on site, which they can go to. But I mean, they can basically reach out to us via phone or email.
John: Okay. Now, would you say that if you were giving advice to someone who's thinking of moving out of clinical into CDI would it be, is there a better way to go would they try to find one of these companies that are completely remote? Or would it be better to start on the ground with colleagues that you can consult with? What do you think about that?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah. I think it would be better to start in the actual hospital and get familiarized with the whole CDI process as much as you can. See, if you're a practicing physician at the hospital you can visit their CDI department, get to meet everyone and express your interest in CDI. If you can shadow them or they can sit down with you while they review your cases it's even better because these discussions between the CDS and the physician, the treating physician are a great learning experience for both of them and it will save a lot of time in the front and in the future just they don't have to query that much that the doctor knows up front what they need on a particular case.
John: Okay. That makes sense. That's what I assume but no, much is being done remote nowadays. Most people, let's say physicians even practicing telehealth or telemedicine, of course, started with you know live face-to-face patients, but I wonder if there'll come a time when they'll skip that step. But I did want to circle back to something and you went through your process and the fact that when you finished med school and then moved here to the States, but I do want to get your opinion on this because you were able to make this transition.
You did not end up doing a residency and becoming board certified and all that, which is fantastic because I have a lot of listeners who are for whatever reason finished med school whether it's in the US or elsewhere. Didn't do a residency and they're really saying okay, what are my options and there's several things out there. This is the first time that I've talked to anybody that's done that in the CDI realm.
So I just want you to comment on that and maybe what would be the difference if any between someone who maybe did have some clinical experience residency training and they were working for a while versus someone in a similar situation to you. How would the approach be different if it would be in your opinion?
Dr. Christian Zouain: I think that just like I mentioned, if you're already working at a hospital if you have the clinical experience could be easier because you've been already been exposed to CDI. You've had to work with them. The difference would be I would say if you're non-clinical if you're working somewhere else, and if you're interested in CDI you could enroll in a basic coding course of ICD-10. Again, get familiarized with the concepts and the guidelines, get involved with ACDIS. They actually right now they have an apprenticeship program that teaches the principles of CDI.
Which is also a good start if you don't have the experience and it will be valuable to employers later on. ACDIS has local chapters in every state you can look them up on their website. They have meetings every month, some of them maybe more frequent. And just like we said earlier networking is very important they can, both parties, I would say, the ones that have clinical experience and the ones that don't, they can become part of the meetings and go and attend, join ACDIS and the coding classes.
John: Now, you mentioned an apprenticeship. How does one find those or who are those through?
Dr. Christian Zouain: That's in the ACDIS website. I think you can just Google ACDIS apprenticeship program.
John: Okay. I'll definitely put links in the show notes. I'll track down all the URLs for these and listeners can do that, but yeah, another tool, another tactic I guess to really get experience.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Right. Definitely. Yeah, that will help a lot.
John: Any other bits of advice for someone thinking to go into this career that we haven't touched on already?
Dr. Christian Zouain: I would say, don't be discouraged if, this happened to me, if at the beginning you just don't understand right away how all of this works, how the coding side of healthcare works just like we were talking earlier about DRGs and ICD-10 and ESMs and all that. I know for a lot of us, we were not trained in this particular field in school and yet when we start working on it, we feel like we should be able to figure it out right away. But it really takes time to adjust your thought process into the CDI and the coding mindset.
I remember when I started I used to work with a group of nurses that were also CDS's and one of them told me once you have to lower your clinical brain a little bit. You turn down your clinical brain a little bit because as physicians we're taught to look at a case and diagnose, make a diagnosis, make a decision for management. Here we are looking for the wording and how it relates to codes it's different. We might see exactly what the treating physician is trying to portray but we have to be mindful of the coding guidelines and how it's supposed to be written. So that's different and it can take a while to make that transition. for those interested, if you start, and you start feeling like you quite don't get it, believe me, with enough practice and time and studying you'll get there.
John: Well, you're serving almost like a translator in two different languages in a way because the coding language is not meant to be or didn't, I mean it just it's like a legalese in a sense as opposed to what we learn as clinicians, this is what we mean when we say heart failure. But it may not be exactly the same when you're talking in coding language. yeah, you're translating being [inaudible 00:47:40].
Dr. Christian Zouain: Definitely.
John: Well, I think we're getting near the end here. what would be a way to maybe we could reach out to you if somebody just wanted to touch base and maybe follow what you're doing should they go to your LinkedIn page or what do you think?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Sure. Sure. Yeah. LinkedIn, you can send me a message. I have my email there and also my phone number which surprisingly I don't think people realize that because they usually send me messages. But yeah, I mean, if anyone has any further questions...
John: Yeah, I think that's great.
Dr. Christian Zouain: I'm glad to help.
John: And just to have that LinkedIn, it gives them, it's like a little bit of a barrier there. You got to make a little effort you don't get swamped with questions, but I'm not going to put your phone number out on the show notes but it's pretty easy to get through on LinkedIn. And sometimes if there's an issue, sometimes if you're like a third degree connection, you can't always, it won't let you necessarily ask to connect people can go to my LinkedIn page because some of my listeners probably already linked to me and then I could password along or whatever.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah, sure. Definitely.
John: That would work. All right. Well, Christian, anything else you can think of we need to talk about before I let you go?
Dr. Christian Zouain: No, that's it. I think we have covered a lot today. Thanks for having me. Yeah.
John: No, I really appreciate it. And I think those that have even the slightest thought of going into CDI, here's a comment I was going to make earlier, but I guess I'll throw it into my little cynicism is that we have these cottage industries, which are now big industries that have all grown up because CMS has put processes and barriers in the way in a sense whether it's our views for capturing what we do in the clinic or UM there's just tons of rules and now CDI and for what it's worth I think we need physicians like you, Christian, in there serving as experts to translate all those crazy rules for us physicians. So, thanks.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah. Yeah, definitely. There's a huge opportunity for right now just like you're saying, with all these companies developing and they're in great need of good clinicians to work for them and eventually take those things forward.
John: It didn't sound like there's a lot of call involved. that's a good thing.
Dr. Christian Zouain: I'm sorry?
John: It didn't sound like there's a lot of on-call duties involved as many of our non-clinical careers.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah.
John: If you take a slight hit on the income, boy, you're going to make it up in terms of time with your family and free time and giving up the pagers. that's another positive to keep in mind.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah, definitely. Definitely. Absolutely.
John: All right. Well, thanks again for joining us today, and hopefully, I'll get a chance to catch up with you again in the future, Christian.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Okay. Thank you, Dr. Jurica. It's my pleasure.
John: Okay. You're welcome. Bye-bye.
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Transcription PNC Podcast Episode 378
Become a CDI Expert
- A PNC Classic from 2019 with Dr. Christian Zouain
John: Hello, Dr. Christian Zouain, welcome to the PNC podcast. I'm happy that you're here with us today.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Oh, Dr. Jurica, thanks for having me. I'm a frequent listener, I really appreciate you having me today as a guest.
John: Awesome, one of my three listeners. I'm glad to hear. Hi, mom. No. Kidding. So, no, I really wanted to get you on here. I did listen to a recent podcast where you were a guest and it was really interesting. I personally have this interest in CDI, which we'll explain what that is in a minute, but I thought you'd be a good one because you've had some recent experience in different venues, and I thought, okay, let's get Christian on the podcast.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Great, thanks. Yeah, sure.
John: good, it'll be fun. All right. I'll have recorded a short intro. It gives a little background about you, but why don't you tell us just a little bit, if you want to give us the brief history and a little bit about what you're doing right now?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah, sure. I am a foreign medical graduate, originally from the Dominican Republic. I moved to the United States in 2011 to pursue residency initially, and while I studied for the boards, I worked as a medical assistant, later as a medical scribe, later landed a job in case management, utilization review at a hospital, as a means to get closer to the hospital setting and make connections, meet the doctors and obtain a residency position.
This is when I started doing research and looking into other non-clinical options, which I've never, had never done before. To me, the only path was obviously coming from the Dominican Republic was going into clinical or that's it. I knew a few people that were doing research, but I started exploring the other options. I remember I attended the SEAK non-clinical careers conference in Chicago in 2015, which is the one you've mentioned in your podcast a couple of times already.
John: Let me break in here and clarify that the SEAK non-clinical careers conference is spelled S-E-A-K, and it's not an acronym for anything. There's a reason why it's spelled that way, but it really doesn't relate to the content of the conference. It is still running annually in the Chicago area as far as I know. They just had their most recent annual big non-clinical physicians conference this past October, a few weeks ago, and I believe they will continue to do this annually. It's held not too far from O'Hare airport. They say it's in Chicago.
It's really technically in a hotel at Rosemont, Illinois. Next year will be the 20th event. Most physicians find it really useful because it presents about 20 live lectures over two days, plus access to 40 mentors, more or less during those two days. And they also have, I think, one or two pre-conferences. there's a lot going on. And I thought I would just mention that, and let's get back to our conversation.
Dr. Christian Zouain: And it really helped me realize that I was not alone in my decision to pursue a non-clinical path. then I enrolled in a clinical documentation improvement and ICD-10 coding course at New York University through the advice of a friend. This was actually new because ICD-10 was coming up. It was 2015. It was a big change, October 1st. they were saying that CDI was a growing career that actually needed a lot of healthcare professionals to jump in.
And while taking this course, I learned a lot about the impact that a complete and accurate documentation had in all areas of healthcare. I became really interested in that, and I eventually just decided to jump all in into CDI as a career path. At that point, I also became more involved with the use of social media, LinkedIn. And through there, I was able to land my first position in CDI. right now, yeah.
John: That's great. Let me stop there because I want to check a couple of things with you because some of what you said resonates with me. My recollection when I was working in the hospital setting was, I was involved with UM and CDI both. And at least my recollection was anything having to do with utilization management and the cost of care and even quality, much of it depends on the documentation. it's a natural partner in that whole process of trying to at least improve how things look on paper in terms of the quality. Would you agree with that? Was that part of this thing that led you to the CDI?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah, definitely. Everything, all aspects of that, I would say would fall into place after you would get that true clinical picture of that particular case with the documentation. It's not just about... Initially, I remember I was thinking, okay, it's about reimbursement. And that caught my attention. But then later I started to find that a lot of things besides the reimbursement had a huge say with documentation.
John: I remember when we had projects and we were working on some quality project or some UM project or whatever, we always had the director for, well, it was health information services or whatever it was, but basically it was the coding experts who were at every darn meeting.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah, and that's a huge part of it. In my previous job as a CDI, I was the only CDI, and I was involved particularly with all the administration. I had to report directly to the CFO. And it was a new venture for me because I came from my first experience, which was a department of 12 CDI specialists. We were just there reviewing charts and closing our records, dealing with the coders. But now I would have to go to all these meetings with the administration. I had to interact with the doctors, with case management, with quality management. I would see how it all blended together. I had to be there. I had to be in those meetings. And it's actually also a good opportunity to let them know up front what things need to be done. When they discuss cases, I can just jump in and let them know, this is how we can better document this particular situation for next time, just we don't have to go through the query process. And that way you also work to educate the physicians.
John: Absolutely. The other factor that's heavily dependent on documentation and coding, and we're not talking a lot about it here today, maybe a little bit we're touching on it, but it's the perceived quality of your hospital. The risk-adjusted mortality, complications, and length of stay depend on the accuracy of coding and understanding of inclusion and exclusion criteria and risk adjustment related to preexisting conditions versus those that develop during a hospital stay.
So for all those top 100 hospitals and all those five-star hospitals and forth, they heavily depend on very complete and accurate documentation and coding to demonstrate the quality of care because of those factors I just mentioned. All right. Let's get back to our interview. we're going to go back and go through the detail of how you actually made that transition.
You started to tell us about that, but I want to put a plug in for myself right now, only because I did a podcast early on in one of my, I guess I'd call him a friend, although we don't keep in touch, but we were working together at the hospital I worked at, and that was Cesar Limjoco, who's sort of this icon in a sense of CDI. I think you've probably heard of him, and he's got this massive following on LinkedIn and everything.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah, I do. I do follow him. I haven't been able to, probably this year at this conference, I think he usually presents every year. Probably I'll go ahead and meet up with him. I mean, I know him. I've seen his articles. I follow him on LinkedIn, and he has really good information.
John: Yeah. And the thing that it was, in doing that interview, I mean, I really liked it because he gave like his whole perspective, but the thing is he is unique in the sense that he's been doing this consulting for long, and now there's other companies that are doing it, and really the starting point for someone like you or I back years ago was not what he's doing because he's been doing this for long. So I've been wanting to get a hold of somebody like yourself who has been a more recent entry into this, and again, that's just another reason why I'm happy to have you here on the podcast today, but I will say that was episode number five for anyone that wants to listen to it.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah, I do remember. That was actually, I think, that was the first episode I heard from your podcast when I heard his interview. Yeah, because I was, I really wanted to know more about his journey as well.
John: Well, now we're going to supplement with your journey because you're following in the footsteps.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Thank you.
John: you had been exposed to UM, you became interested in CDI, you actually took the ICD-10 course, but then what are the steps did you take to try and make that leap into basically was essentially a brand new career for you?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Well, I was doing case management and utilization review, and what really caught my attention again was the contribution that Accurate Documentation brought to the process of healthcare. And I mean, I just decided that at that point, clinical medicine wasn't for me. I think that I just saw value and importance of helping the hospitals, helping the physicians in this current profession. that's why I decided eventually to take it on as a career path. I don't know if I'm correctly answering your question. Just let me know.
John: Let me ask you this, and I'll ask you some leading questions. were the hospital, where you're doing the UM, did they have a formal CDI program and did you end up working for them or did you end up going somewhere else?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Oh, no, I ended up going somewhere else. I believe they did later. I would find out later. They have some sort of CDI program that was starting. But I, again, I started doing research. I started being more involved with LinkedIn. So I started following all these hospitals. I was back in New York. And I would follow their HR department and this particular opportunity came up where they said that they were looking for professionals in the healthcare arena to go into CDI.
It was actually a dinner conference. if you had some sort of exposure or knew a little bit about CDI in some formal way, you could attend that meeting. I, at the time I was doing, I was doing the course at NYU. that was my ticket to go, to get into that dinner conference. And that's where I met my future boss. And eventually I was hired as a CDS.
John: now this was part of their recruiting process for people.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yes.
John: Okay. Where were they promoting that? Where did you see that?
Dr. Christian Zouain: On LinkedIn.
John: On LinkedIn, was it a company that you were following or did they reach out to you?
Dr. Christian Zouain: It was a company that I was following, a health system. And yeah, they posted the human resources recruiter, posted the ad on LinkedIn. And I contacted them, send them all the information. At first they were hesitant because the course at NYU was new. they didn't know, but they wanted to. But I sent them the curriculum and everything and they said, "Okay, you know a bit about CDI. You've been studying for a while on that. you're good to come in." And I remember I was expecting for it to be a big conference or at least a lot of people to join in because I got new at the moment. That's all I would hear about how the CDI profession was growing. I was thinking I don't have the experience.
I was told by a friend initially that you might have to take a pay cut from your case management position because you don't have experiences in CDI. But I was willing to do that because I knew there was a better path for me in CDI. I actually went and it turned out to be the opposite. I didn't end up taking the pay cut. It was actually more. Well, I didn't have the experience, but at that point, there weren't a lot of professionals that had experience.
So I remember I showed up to the dinner meeting conference and we were like five applicants only. we had, there was the health system, each director for CDI of each hospital, which were around five. There were only five people that showed up that were interested. Two of them I remember were also foreign medical graduates, but didn't live close by. And one of them was a nurse who worked on the floor still. I was the only one who, okay, I was already taking the class of CDI and I had good interactions with the other directors.
The little I knew at that time, I was able to discuss during the dinner because they had a presentation, but then we had a moment where we would sit down at the table and meet the other directors. each one of them, I was able to interact with at some point. And one of them actually caught interest in me and decided to interview me and I was in.
John: No, that sounds excellent. That is such a good example of networking, getting in front of somebody who is in a position to make a decision about recruiting and forth. Let me jump in again on this point. LinkedIn is extremely useful. And I would say a necessity if you're looking for a non-clinical job. There is a lot of recruiting and hiring done directly through LinkedIn for many of these non-clinical jobs and some clinical. Many recruiters use it as their number one way to find and contact eligible candidates.
So it behooves you to optimize your LinkedIn profile and understand how to use it. If you're not comfortable setting up your LinkedIn profile and how to use LinkedIn effectively, I recommend you purchase the course called LinkedIn for Physicians by Dr. Heather Fork. Now, this has been out for, I think, at least three years. And she does updates on it every often. It's quite comprehensive.
And you can go find her website at doctorscrossing.com or you can go to my link and check it out at nonclinicalphysicians.com/linkedincourse. That's all one word. nonclinicalphysicians.com/inkedincourse. And I do receive a small payment. If you purchase using my link, the cost is the same either way. But this is an affiliate link. Okay. Now, let's return to the conversation. Now, at that point, were you already a member of any kind of professional society or organization? I mean, is it the ACDIS or there's other organizations? How does that fit into this whole scenario?
Dr. Christian Zouain: No, not yet. At that point, I remember I was still deciding. I was still studying for my boards and et cetera. I wasn't fully in. I haven't decided yet. I was still thinking about CDI as an approach to continue to work with the doctors and acquire experience and make connections.
But then it was that my director at that point, when she was a nurse, but she'd been doing CDI for 15 years. And I remember her telling me, "If you know CDI, if you learn to do CDI well, if you know the basics and acquire experience over time, this experience will take you a long way. You can do a lot of things. You can jump into different areas of healthcare, not necessarily clinical." I think that was the last step for me when I decided, you know what? I think I'm sticking with CDI instead of going into clinical.
So when I made that decision, I started reading more. I started getting more involved with the associations with ACDIS. After two years, I was able to, I got my ACDIS certification and also obtained the one from AHIMA, the CDIP. The one for ACDIS is the CCDS, which you're allowed to obtain two years after, with two years of experience working in the field. at that point, yeah. they have a lot of resources. So I really jumped in. I purchased. They have books, they have guides. that was a good turning point right there because even if when I took the class, I wasn't really sure until you get your hands on in the actual work, you start realizing what it's really about. when you combine that with the resources that are available out there, it makes it much easier. it makes much more sense.
John: let me just clarify for the listeners. the ACDIS is one big organization of people that are involved in CDI are with. Now AHIMA is A-H-I-M-A, right? Is the acronym?
Dr. Christian Zouain: That's correct.
John: Yes. That's more about health information.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yes, that covers a lot more. That covers HIM, medical records, coding. ACDIS is focused on, exclusively on clinical documentation.
John: Allow me to clarify here a little bit. There are two major organizations that Christian discusses here. The first one is the ACDIS, Association of Clinical Documentation Specialists. You'll hear later in the interview about their apprentice program. But what they're really known for is the CCDS certification, that Certified Clinical Documentation Specialist. And you can find that at acdis.org. So that's the first one. And then the other organization is AHIMA. That's A-H-I-M-A, AHIMA, American Health Information Management Association. And it has at least eight different certification programs. Usually, I think the CDIP is the one most applicable to physicians, which stands for Clinical Documentation Integrity Professional. And that's a CDIP certification, can be found there at ahima.org, A-H-I-M-A.org.
Okay. Now, let's get back to the interview. And I think this is my last interruption. Now here's a question I have because you brought up ICD-10. Which is kind of, that's on the, pretty much the diagnosis codes basically, right?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Correct.
John: How important is that? I mean, that's important in inpatient and outpatient. We're talking mostly inpatient right now in terms of where you were, is that right?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yes, yes. ICD-10 works, you have on the inpatient side, you have ICD-10, and for clinical codes and for procedures, you have ICD-10 PCS. In the outpatient, for clinical codes, you have ICD-10 and for procedural codes, you have CPT. that's something different right there. there's a lot of, yeah.
John: Now, in my recollection, sort of the coding, the documentation, the risk adjustment was more or less based on the MS-DRGs, but the ICD-10 feeds into the MS-DRGs. Is that how it works?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yes. It's a bit of a complicated subject, but you have the right path right there. You have ICD-10, which then bundles up the list of diagnosis and then you obtain an MS-DRG, which is then what you use to then bill and what reflects the severity of the patient's condition while he was treated. Or outpatient.
John: there's many different directions we could go, but let's focus on your career at this point. what were you doing in that first job? If I remember, that was a hospital-based job and you're basically helping them better demonstrate the documentation and you can maybe tell us how that day looked like for you and what were the benefits for the hospital as well when you're discussing that? Maybe you can address that.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Sure. my first experience is CDI. we would basically come in CDI, you work Monday through Friday, it's office hours, but it also depends on the hospital and the hospital needs. You might be working with a specific department. It could be surgery. You might want to come in a little bit earlier because surgery is rounding at 7:00 a.m., 6:00 a.m., but our hours were around 8:00 to 4:00, 9:00 to 5:00.
So we would come in, we would have a list of records that we would need to review, particularly at, let's say, at the two-day, three-day mark after the patients were admitted. Not just right away because we wanted to give time to the physicians they could document, we could have enough documentation. It wasn't just like, okay, we just have an HMP, let's go with that. No, we wanted to give the admitting physician and the consultants to take a look at what was going on with the patient and then review.
So we would have a set number of cases that we would do in the morning, my colleagues and I. And in this particular hospital, it was still hybrid. it wasn't completely in... the medical records weren't completely in the electronic medical system. the progress notes were still in paper. we would have to go to the floors and it was a good opportunity as well because there we would see the doctors from time to time they were around or their residents or the physician assistants if we needed to ask them right away.
But we would, this is how the process goes, we review the cases. We would leave a query if we needed clarification on a case. We will leave a paper query inside written document, inside the record. they would see and remember it was a green fluorescent color. they wouldn't miss it. And once they opened that, they would look at the query and they would respond on the next progress note accordingly. And that we will leave there. We would come back the next day and follow up if the cases were not to see if the cases were answered or not. If they didn't, then we would escalate if it had been a couple of days. But particularly most of the time they would ask or we would see them around in the hospital. we would ask them just like I told you earlier, right there and there. And they were either document, agree or disagree. Then we would bring it back, close the cases. And once the case was already sent to billing in this particular hospital, we were involved with coding and we knew at the end what the final DRG was. we were able to make sure to see if we had impact or not on that particular case. we would start with what's called a working DRG, which is the initial DRG that reflected that patient when we first reviewed that case.
Once we obtained the further clarification, the diagnosis with more specificity, then we would change to DRG. we would have a system that would compare both and would tell us the difference that we had achieved on that particular case. I know that that's one of the metrics that we were able to capture with our program and see how good we were doing. We would also get feedback from the coding department. They would receive their denials.
So we would know if a particular case that we had impact had been taken back and it was denied because it didn't meet criteria. we knew what action to take further next time if we needed to change the criteria we were asking the doctors and what to do forth.
John: Yeah, and I want to jump in here and try and for you listeners that are maybe not used to hearing about CDI, I mean, if you work in a hospital, you're pretty much aware of it because you're going to be having these conversations. But the thing is, I mean, it can make such a big difference in both the payment that might because it's DRG based and if you're in a low DRG versus a high DRG, but the quality, that was my big thing when I was chief medical officer is that your risk adjustment's going to look lousy if your documentation's not good and someone who really has renal failure as opposed to, let's say, mild renal injury or something or you name it.
I mean, it becomes important to capture this information and to have basically these consultants like yourself, Christian, walking around helping the physicians. Now, they don't necessarily always want the help. Some do. I guess that's my question for you. Were they already used to having CDI people around and did your relationship with the physicians, was it pretty good there?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah, this particular hospital, it was a big hospital. It was a 900-bed hospital and I know the program had been there for a couple of years already, but being that they were still in some part in paper, it would make it a bit, let's say, annoying for them because now a lot of programs, they use either email or you can send the queries through the actual medical record. in this case, you would have to leave everything, leave something in the medical record.
You don't know if they probably missed it or they didn't really want to answer the query. And in this particular hospital, it was interesting. Some of them were okay because coming also from a clinician's background, being a doctor myself, I know what they go through, what they're going through. So they have tons of other people calling them all the time. They have nurses, they have discharges that they have to do, they have case management, they have people from that administration calling them. with us, if we needed to contact them, we had to page them.
John: Right.
Dr. Christian Zouain: I knew that they were for me when I first started I said, oh my God, but a page that's for emergencies. And sometimes when I would call when I would page them with my number. I would pick up the phone I said I would say, "Good afternoon, CDI clinical documentation. This is Christian." Let's say, is this an emergency? This is not an emergency. I mean, you're paging me. So from that point, it was a bit difficult. Some of the doctors they would just run away. Sometimes we had to be a bit inappropriate because we would see them maybe in the cafeteria or just walking into the hospital. We tried to be as polite as we could they just let them know, "Doc, you have a query in one of your records would you mind taking a look when you have the chance or where can I find you later?"
That's what we don't have to do it right here and there in the cafeteria. Maybe they're taking a break. But yeah, those particular hospitals if it's a big facility and I would say with the inconvenience that this system is not fully automated it could be a bit of a hassle. Later when I was in my second job as CDI where I was the only one, everything was electronic and it was a smaller hospital, but I didn't have a problem there with going meeting with the physicians because it was mostly internal medicine doctors and they were all pretty good. So it depends a lot on the exposure that they have and if you're working with different specialties that could also be something to take in consideration because going from a multi-specialty hospital to internal medicine, basic medicine institution it's a big difference. You're able to handle it better.
John: Let me ask you, Christian. based on those first two experiences. I mean, how were you feeling? Were you pretty happy with the way things were going? Were you pleased that you had made that transition? I just want to understand how you were feeling and whether you feel like it also was a fit like with your personality and what advice you would give to others in that regard?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah. It was tough. At that first one, it was tough because I wanted to let the doctors know that I wasn't there to really bother them again. The majority if we could handle it with the residents or with the PAs up front we would do it. But if it was, say, a surgery attending someone that's really, really busy, sometimes I would think twice on it. Maybe should I go? Should I do it?
I had my ups and downs on that particular job. But I knew that it was different because I've in other places because I would talk to other colleagues. I knew that it could change, that it was just the part that it was starting ICD-10 and in the whole process of documentation on the day until doctors would actually get readjusted. And until they would find update upgrade the system. it would make it easier for them. Because the way it was, it wasn't particularly really convenient for them right now, until later once I started my second job it was particularly way much easier. Now I had control electronically, the doctors could just come in and see my notification there and answer right away. They wouldn't have to be bothered with a call or a page unless they didn't really answer I did have to call them. Yeah, just to answer your question it was, initially I had my ups and downs. But I knew it was going to get better because it was just a particular case of where I was at the time.
John: Okay. Let me ask you this, because this can be a big impact on the way someone in your position is working and feeling. Did you feel like both institutions they had the support of leadership? I mean, here's what I experience is that sometimes the CEO or the COO doesn't want to have that conversation with the medical staff to say hey guys and gals, this is important, and we want to do a good job for you, we want to pair a nurse as well. We want to get paid and the only way we can do it is if you document and we support what we're doing here. We ask you to support it. I mean, did you feel like you had that kind of support at the institutions generally?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yes, yes, but especially at my second job, because now I was, like I said, I was more involved with the hospital's administration. I was there at every meeting. The doctors already knew me. I remember when I first came in, they actually, they introduced me to the whole staff at one of their monthly meetings, to all of the attending docs. And I felt like I was really important. They really paid attention. And that's a good point you're making when you have the support of your CFO, your CEO when they back you up and they see that importance, they see that it's really necessary.
And especially when you're working in conjunction with the other disciplines again when I worked with case management and quality altogether. Sometimes the case management department would call me, the nurses would call me and will tell me, "I just saw that this particular GRG for this patient it's only giving us three days. Can you take a look at the case?" And sometimes I would say, "Oh." Especially turns out that this case, I had a query for one of the doctors until he answers if he answers, I mean, in the way that I'm expecting, it might change.
So I would tell them, "It might change, it might not. I just have to clarify. Well, I'm thinking of something but I just have to clarify the information with the attending." they would help me, once they had that conversation with the doctor in the floor, they would tell them, "Listen, Christian told me that you had some pending documentation that you need to further clarify. can you please go ahead go down to the floor where he's at and work on that to see if we can move this patient around, if we can keep him or what's going on." at that point, I had good interaction with everyone. we were all working together with a common goal.
John: Excellent. that's good. Yeah, I think that when you're working on a team and you have the support of administration, it's great. maybe that's even something to look at when someone's looking for that second or third job, maybe the first one. Now, I don't want to get bogged down here. you've been involved in a big institution with lots of staff. You've been involved where you're like the solo person, the solo at least the physician CDI person. then you made another change, right? you're doing something different now within CDI. why don't you explain that to us?
Dr. Christian Zouain: yeah, right now I'm working for a company. The company works for, I work remotely. Exclusively remote. I work from home. I know it's a big change. And I decided to make that change because I wanted to experience something different than just being in the hospital. I know there's a lot of these companies out there that they help in some sort of way. They either take over a whole CDI department for a hospital just like they did in the first hospital I used to work, or they help at the back end with physician education, denials management, and CDI. I was looking for that because I saw a trend and that's why I wanted to experience that. And also, I wanted to get to work in an environment with a lot of professionals from different backgrounds. CDI is a field that you're constantly learning new things and you don't know everything. That's why you have to stay updated, continue to read, go to conferences.
I like to be in an environment when I have all these professionals interacting with one another where you can get help in a particular thing to see what can you do in this particular situation? Do you have experience on this? that's also what caught my attention. that's what I'm doing right now.
John: now with that, how does that compare in your mind? Do you feel like this remote CDI activities, do you think that's going to be something that grows? Is it difficult to do when you don't actually have let's say a face-to-face relationship with somebody? What's your opinion on that?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Well, in this particular situation, I feel like the doctors have already, physicians in the hospitals that we work for, they've had some previous experience with CDI in the past couple of years. Every time if I'd contact them through email most of the time. But if they do have any questions or anything, they can just contact me. They can call me. But I haven't seen the need in this particular case to have that face-to-face because I think as time has gone by, they're used to the whole process. they know what CDI is looking for. I rarely get here and there a doctor that's asking me, "Do I have to do this same thing for every case that I have?" And I say, "No." Obviously. But that's one in 100. I mean, I think they're getting used to it and the whole process. I mean, it's still the process that we follow still has their CDI on site, which they can go to. But I mean, they can basically reach out to us via phone or email.
John: Okay. Now, would you say that if you were giving advice to someone who's thinking of moving out of clinical into CDI would it be, is there a better way to go would they try to find one of these companies that are completely remote? Or would it be better to start on the ground with colleagues that you can consult with? What do you think about that?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah. I think it would be better to start in the actual hospital and get familiarized with the whole CDI process as much as you can. See, if you're a practicing physician at the hospital you can visit their CDI department, get to meet everyone and express your interest in CDI. If you can shadow them or they can sit down with you while they review your cases it's even better because these discussions between the CDS and the physician, the treating physician are a great learning experience for both of them and it will save a lot of time in the front and in the future just they don't have to query that much that the doctor knows up front what they need on a particular case.
John: Okay. That makes sense. That's what I assume but no, much is being done remote nowadays. Most people, let's say physicians even practicing telehealth or telemedicine, of course, started with you know live face-to-face patients, but I wonder if there'll come a time when they'll skip that step. But I did want to circle back to something and you went through your process and the fact that when you finished med school and then moved here to the States, but I do want to get your opinion on this because you were able to make this transition.
You did not end up doing a residency and becoming board certified and all that, which is fantastic because I have a lot of listeners who are for whatever reason finished med school whether it's in the US or elsewhere. Didn't do a residency and they're really saying okay, what are my options and there's several things out there. This is the first time that I've talked to anybody that's done that in the CDI realm.
So I just want you to comment on that and maybe what would be the difference if any between someone who maybe did have some clinical experience residency training and they were working for a while versus someone in a similar situation to you. How would the approach be different if it would be in your opinion?
Dr. Christian Zouain: I think that just like I mentioned, if you're already working at a hospital if you have the clinical experience could be easier because you've been already been exposed to CDI. You've had to work with them. The difference would be I would say if you're non-clinical if you're working somewhere else, and if you're interested in CDI you could enroll in a basic coding course of ICD-10. Again, get familiarized with the concepts and the guidelines, get involved with ACDIS. They actually right now they have an apprenticeship program that teaches the principles of CDI.
Which is also a good start if you don't have the experience and it will be valuable to employers later on. ACDIS has local chapters in every state you can look them up on their website. They have meetings every month, some of them maybe more frequent. And just like we said earlier networking is very important they can, both parties, I would say, the ones that have clinical experience and the ones that don't, they can become part of the meetings and go and attend, join ACDIS and the coding classes.
John: Now, you mentioned an apprenticeship. How does one find those or who are those through?
Dr. Christian Zouain: That's in the ACDIS website. I think you can just Google ACDIS apprenticeship program.
John: Okay. I'll definitely put links in the show notes. I'll track down all the URLs for these and listeners can do that, but yeah, another tool, another tactic I guess to really get experience.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Right. Definitely. Yeah, that will help a lot.
John: Any other bits of advice for someone thinking to go into this career that we haven't touched on already?
Dr. Christian Zouain: I would say, don't be discouraged if, this happened to me, if at the beginning you just don't understand right away how all of this works, how the coding side of healthcare works just like we were talking earlier about DRGs and ICD-10 and ESMs and all that. I know for a lot of us, we were not trained in this particular field in school and yet when we start working on it, we feel like we should be able to figure it out right away. But it really takes time to adjust your thought process into the CDI and the coding mindset.
I remember when I started I used to work with a group of nurses that were also CDS's and one of them told me once you have to lower your clinical brain a little bit. You turn down your clinical brain a little bit because as physicians we're taught to look at a case and diagnose, make a diagnosis, make a decision for management. Here we are looking for the wording and how it relates to codes it's different. We might see exactly what the treating physician is trying to portray but we have to be mindful of the coding guidelines and how it's supposed to be written. So that's different and it can take a while to make that transition. for those interested, if you start, and you start feeling like you quite don't get it, believe me, with enough practice and time and studying you'll get there.
John: Well, you're serving almost like a translator in two different languages in a way because the coding language is not meant to be or didn't, I mean it just it's like a legalese in a sense as opposed to what we learn as clinicians, this is what we mean when we say heart failure. But it may not be exactly the same when you're talking in coding language. yeah, you're translating being [inaudible 00:47:40].
Dr. Christian Zouain: Definitely.
John: Well, I think we're getting near the end here. what would be a way to maybe we could reach out to you if somebody just wanted to touch base and maybe follow what you're doing should they go to your LinkedIn page or what do you think?
Dr. Christian Zouain: Sure. Sure. Yeah. LinkedIn, you can send me a message. I have my email there and also my phone number which surprisingly I don't think people realize that because they usually send me messages. But yeah, I mean, if anyone has any further questions...
John: Yeah, I think that's great.
Dr. Christian Zouain: I'm glad to help.
John: And just to have that LinkedIn, it gives them, it's like a little bit of a barrier there. You got to make a little effort you don't get swamped with questions, but I'm not going to put your phone number out on the show notes but it's pretty easy to get through on LinkedIn. And sometimes if there's an issue, sometimes if you're like a third degree connection, you can't always, it won't let you necessarily ask to connect people can go to my LinkedIn page because some of my listeners probably already linked to me and then I could password along or whatever.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah, sure. Definitely.
John: That would work. All right. Well, Christian, anything else you can think of we need to talk about before I let you go?
Dr. Christian Zouain: No, that's it. I think we have covered a lot today. Thanks for having me. Yeah.
John: No, I really appreciate it. And I think those that have even the slightest thought of going into CDI, here's a comment I was going to make earlier, but I guess I'll throw it into my little cynicism is that we have these cottage industries, which are now big industries that have all grown up because CMS has put processes and barriers in the way in a sense whether it's our views for capturing what we do in the clinic or UM there's just tons of rules and now CDI and for what it's worth I think we need physicians like you, Christian, in there serving as experts to translate all those crazy rules for us physicians. So, thanks.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah. Yeah, definitely. There's a huge opportunity for right now just like you're saying, with all these companies developing and they're in great need of good clinicians to work for them and eventually take those things forward.
John: It didn't sound like there's a lot of call involved. that's a good thing.
Dr. Christian Zouain: I'm sorry?
John: It didn't sound like there's a lot of on-call duties involved as many of our non-clinical careers.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah.
John: If you take a slight hit on the income, boy, you're going to make it up in terms of time with your family and free time and giving up the pagers. that's another positive to keep in mind.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Yeah, definitely. Definitely. Absolutely.
John: All right. Well, thanks again for joining us today, and hopefully, I'll get a chance to catch up with you again in the future, Christian.
Dr. Christian Zouain: Okay. Thank you, Dr. Jurica. It's my pleasure.
John: Okay. You're welcome. Bye-bye.
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