Thoughts on Physician Leadership – 381

In this podcast episode, John shares his transformative journey from clinical practice to becoming a Chief Medical Officer, offering valuable insights for physicians considering leadership roles in healthcare organizations.

His experience highlights how physicians can leverage their natural leadership qualities developed through medical training while acquiring essential new skills in management and organizational leadership.

The transition from clinical practice to executive roles requires strategic learning through professional organizations, advanced certifications, and continuous education in management principles. Most importantly, John emphasizes that successful physician executives must master three core attributes.


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The Art of Total Immersion in Healthcare Leadership

John's approach to leadership development centered on complete dedication to learning and growth. Like his earlier experiences in medical training, he found that total immersion was key to mastering healthcare administration. This meant joining professional organizations like the American Association for Physician Leadership, pursuing additional certifications, and continuously expanding his knowledge through various educational opportunities.

This commitment to learning helped him transition from a practicing physician to an effective healthcare executive while maintaining a better work-life balance than clinical practice often allows.

Building the Bridge from Clinical Excellence to Organizational Impact

The transition from clinical practice to leadership requires a fundamental shift in perspective and approach. John emphasizes how physicians must evolve from individual contributors to organizational leaders. This means developing new skills in strategic planning, team management, and organizational development.

The reward comes in the form of broader impact – while clinical practice allows physicians to help individual patients, leadership roles enable us to improve healthcare delivery systems that serve entire communities.

Core Attributes to Be a Better Physician Leader

Three essential qualities are key to succeed as a physician executive:

  1. Accountability,
  2. Optimism, and
  3. Humility

John emphasizes that accountability means following through on commitments and addressing challenges directly. Optimism drives organizational change and inspires teams, while humility ensures leaders remain open to learning and value input from all levels of the organization. These attributes combined with physicians' natural leadership qualities create a foundation for effective healthcare leadership.

As healthcare continues to evolve, the need for physician leaders becomes increasingly important. John's journey demonstrates that while the transition from clinical practice to leadership presents challenges, it also offers remarkable opportunities for professional growth and a broader impact on healthcare delivery.

Summary

Physicians who are interested in transitioning to healthcare leadership roles can access the resources through the American Association for Physician Leadership (AAPL) and the American College of Healthcare Executives. These organizations provide essential certifications, educational opportunities, and networking opportunities for developing executive capabilities.

Success in this transition requires the same dedication that drives clinical excellence and a commitment to continuous learning and professional development.


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Transcription PNC Podcast Episode 381

To Be a Better Physician Leader

John: Now I spent many years in management and leadership roles in the hospital setting, which culminated by working as a chief medical officer or CMO. And while moving from part-time physician advisor and medical director to chief medical officer, I took advantage of educational opportunities at the Medical College of Wisconsin, the American College of Healthcare Executives, the American Association for Physician Leadership.

And I'm a certified physician executive and a fellow of the AAPL, and I hold a master's in public health. So today I want to revisit the issue of physician leadership, encourage you to consider moving in that direction, and offer some advice about how to get started. So let's get to it. I think that I'm going to be talking about being a physician leader today, and I'm going to start by sharing my story about total immersion.

What do I mean by that? You know, this is something we do when we're trying to learn something new. So all of us have gone through medical school and residency for the most part. And of course that was pretty traditional type of education. And I found that once I got into practice, everything was going well. I was building my practice. I was working at the hospital to see my patients, nursing homes and in the office. And eventually I started to free up a little bit of my free time and became interested in learning other things that are important, like things like protecting your income, how to invest, maybe trying to find some ways to stay healthy, physically fit. What I've tended to do when I began to get interested in something like that was to just to totally go in a hundred percent and bury myself in information to help me learn about that. So that's what I did after about five years in practice. I realized that I did not have in my little three-man practice, we didn't have an IRA, we didn't have a 401k or anything like that. So my partners and I got together and we started talking about how we could set that up. And then I thought, well, I need to learn about how I'm going to invest because all these concepts were kind of new to me, you know, investing in the stock market, mutual funds, individual stocks, dividends, non-dividends, paying stocks, money market accounts, things like that.

And so I just went all in. I mean, I read everything I could possibly read. I listened to podcasts about the topic. I bought books. I subscribed to certain magazines. And so it was kind of a total immersion into the concept of investing and planning for the future financially. And I even ended up starting investment club with some friends I got so interested in. And in fact, still over 30 years later, I'm still involved in that investment club. Well, as I started dabbling in being a physician advisor and then a medical director, similarly, I didn't really know what I was doing. I mean, basically I had learned a little bit earlier in my life by being the chief in my residency and participating in a bunch of committees at the hospital and becoming the chair of a committee. And then I learned about how meetings worked and how minutes worked and all that kind of thing. But it was a pretty superficial exposure. So I thought, well, I've got to get involved in learning more about physician leadership and management. So that's when I started joining these organizations.

And reading about it, starting to subscribe to different podcasts, newsletters, magazines that told me a little bit about it. That's what I want to talk to you about today. Before getting into that, I would say that I really do promote the idea of getting into hospital management. If you're already in the hospital as a hospitalist or an ER doc or anesthesiologist or a surgeon or any of the other specialties that spend at least 20, 30% of their time or more in the hospital, I think it's a great place to work because you're providing very intense medical care. And in my opinion, we need more physician leaders in these settings. Most hospitals are run by people with an MBA or an MHA. They may have never done anything clinical.

There's some exceptions to that, like nurses who end up being in leadership positions. And they follow a path very similar to many physicians. In other words, they start out clinical and then they become a manager or they become a director. And actually there's a significant number of hospitals that are run by nurses, probably many more run by executive nurses than are run by executive physicians. And so again, I would encourage you to look at this path. The thing I like about it besides that it's intellectually stimulating and really it's something that any physician can do if they're interested is that it's a way to really help more patients. When I was seeing patients, I was dealing mostly with the healthy, worried well people came in with minor problems, really, that probably didn't really need a visit. Yes, you've got a lot of the screenings we're doing and health maintenance, but most things that come in are acute and they're relatively trivial, and then once in a while you see a really sick patient, get them admitted, and nowadays, if you're a family doctor, of course, you probably won't even be going to the hospital. The thing is, when I started getting into management, I found I was helping patients in new ways.

And at the same time, my lifestyle was better. The more I did in the hospital as a medical director and then ultimately as CMO, the less time I spent in the office, the less time I spent on call, and the more work-life balance I had. And it was something also where when you're in residency and early practice, you're challenged quite a bit because you're still learning and taking on new responsibilities, but then it becomes a little bit routine. And so when I started doing more and more in leadership, I really enjoyed learning more about how to manage, you know, learning about HR, learning about leadership and strategic planning and communication styles beyond those as a physician. And so there's a lot to it. And it is quite interesting. Let me talk a little bit about that. Is this right for you? Yeah, I don't think becoming a manager, director, or CMO in a hospital is necessary right for everybody. Because you have to be willing to take on some new skills, learn some new ways of doing things. I think there's some areas in particular that you really should try to strengthen and learn as you decide to do this. But let's think about how we should look at this and let's reflect in review some of the things that we should consider before making this move. So first of all, let's reflect about our motives.

You know, I have to admit that when I started getting into the physician advisory role, that was mainly to just make a little extra money. It was almost like moonlighting, but it was really non-clinical. But even as I became medical director, part of it was that I was really getting a little bit burnt out and I was trying to exchange hours of care as a medical director for hours of work as a primary care physician. So ultimately what that meant was I was getting paid on almost an equal basis for the medical director duties, but it didn't involve any call. And so over time I was cutting my call responsibilities back. And at some point later on, I actually hired my own hospitalist to start taking my in-house call. So if the motive is just because you're burnt out and fed up with medicine, that's probably not a good motive and it won't, you know, you'll end up a year or two later in the same situation, five years later, still burnt out and not happy. But if at least you have an interest in management and interest in learning new things, you have an interest in a specific area of management that might be fun, like when it's quality improvement or, um, CDI, clinical documentation integrity or informatics or, you know, one of the things we really normally get involved with as a medical director, then by all means, think about proceeding.

Reach out to your colleagues. If you've been out for a few years, you're bound to have some colleagues that are doing at least part-time work, and you may have even gone through residency and fellowship with someone who immediately went into a non-clinical role, although possibly related to their specialty.

Reach out and just talk to people, get their feedback and find out what it's like to make this transition, and also what it's like to be in a full-time management or leadership job. Read everything you can about it. Of course, when I say read, that includes online, that includes books. A lot of books written about this, a lot of articles written. When I say read, I also mean maybe listen to some podcasts like this one or others.

Go to websites and try and get a take on that. Then there are some formal places where you can go and you can register, meaning you should register or enroll with some of these professional societies. Of course, the one that I think is the best and probably most appropriate for those thinking about doing leadership roles and advanced management positions is the American Association for Physician Leadership. Now I've been a member of the APL for over 30 years, taking many of their courses. I've really been involved heavily in fact, that was the chair of the CCMM, which is a community that oversees the CPE designation and the requirements and the work that's done to apply for that recognition. So I've been heavily involved with it. I am not promoting it. I'm not paid, you know, but I got myself involved because I believe in what I did. It is always looking for new ways to expand and grow and provide more services to its physician members to become great leaders.

Now, I do believe that physicians are natural leaders and I don't say that they're born leaders because I think a lot of the leadership skills that they develop come as a result of their medical training. There's a lot of characteristics that we have that we're either born with, nurtured while we're young, and then are nurtured further as we go through our training. I'm going to talk a little bit about that in a minute.

These are the kind of, I guess, attributes that I see that physicians have. Obviously, the intellect is there, very focused. Most physicians I know are quite accountable. They've got the ability to handle complexity, so they can think through problems well. Their communication skills are usually pretty darn good and are usually improved while they're going through training. Now, a lot of that is with communicating with small teams and with patients and with patients' families and so forth. So sometimes you've got to learn a different type of communication as you get into leadership, but very good perseverance and patience and keeping on problems, not easily distracted. Decisive is another good attribute that physicians generally have that's encouraged and grown during their training. They don't tend to be wishy-washy or indecisive. So that's good. And a lot of people are prone to that indecisive nature because they're not confident. Commitment, altruism, and a people orientation, now, doesn't mean that we're not sometimes introverts. In fact, I think probably the majority of physicians or at least a little more than 50% are somewhat introverted. So it's not like they feel comfortable in a large group giving a presentation necessarily, although most of us practice that during our training. But we went into medicine because it's a combination of science and also the health professions helping others, that kind of thing.

So it makes for fairly natural leader. A thing is though, physicians do have to evolve. They have to add new skills and new attitudes to really be an effective leader at the level of, an executive in a hospital, which is what I'm really promoting here today. So we need to, if we tend to be a little reactive, because we're in the mix of things, if something happens, we respond immediately, that's fine. But when you're in a business setting, when you're in an organizational setting, a big organization, whether it's a hospital, large pharmaceutical company, health insurance company, anything like that, you really need to be more proactive. So you need to kind of migrate from reactive to proactive when looking at things. When you're managing large groups of people and people in big organizations, you need to be proactive. So that's something you have to develop. You need to stop.

Or I would say add to being a performer or a doer to being a planner. You know, we don't necessarily go into our office seeing patients planning what we're going to do for each patient before they show up. A lot of times we wait till they show up and then they, we assess them and then we make a plan, but to run an organization and have two, three, four, five, 10 people reporting to you, running a budget of 1 million, 5 million, 20 million, 50 million then you need to plan and you need to be proactive. You need to kind of move from tactical to strategic thinking. So this is, again, you know, we're talking about annual goals, maybe a two or three year strategic plan. These are fairly common to do when you get to the VP level or higher in a big organization.

And we need to go from being deciders to delegators. We have to feel comfortable. If you're like, I'll tell you, when I was, I don't know, I'd say, I wouldn't say at my peak, but there were times when I had six or seven directors reporting to me. And my main goal was to help them develop their goals every year and maintain some kind of tool that we could track their performance.

And then encourage them and push them to meet their goals and exceed their goals. But I really wasn't there to tell them how to do their job. I was really there more to keep them honest and to make sure they were pitching in and to also coordinate with other senior leaders to make sure that all of our directors and managers were working together collaboratively.

And working for the benefit of the whole organization, not for just their department. So when you delegate, that means you can't really look over the shoulder and everything they are doing. But you have to feel comfortable with tracking their performance and their progress and meeting their ongoing goals and performing according to your expectations. We have to migrate from being independent, working independently to being more participative. So working on a team, not a team that we're necessarily always leading, we might actually be just the co-members of a team. For example, for the first few years that I was working as chief medical officer, I always thought my team was the directors and myself, the directors that reported to me and myself, area they had the utilization management, the quality, the medical staff office. And then at times I also had always had the pharmacy and then sometimes radiology and lab. And it was more about, like I said, quality and performance. And we were still responsible for budgets, of course. I came to find out later, or I came to realize later, that my real team wasn't all those people reporting to me.

Like I was the coach and they were my team. My actual team were my co-VPs, the people on the senior management team. There were 10 of us, if you include the CEO, usually the CFO, the COO, the CMO, CMIO we had for a while. We had the VPs for HR, VP for lab, VP for maintenance and facility and so on and so forth.

And that was really our team, but we spent a lot of time bringing that team together as a cohesive unit. And where at that point, the way we looked at it was, we are there to make sure that our departments, that level of team are actually working together to achieve the organizational goals, not to just make sure that their particular department looked good or had good numbers. So that was an interesting evolution that I observed. And we're usually practice focused. And in a hospital, if you have several hundred or a thousand physicians, depending on the size of the organization, of course, we're all focused on our own practices, our own groups. And once you move into the executive level of hospital management, then you really have to have this organizational focus. And basically you're trying to get everybody on the bus, you might say, or everybody rowing in the same direction on the boat. And it's a little different than just running a small business like a practice or even a large business is a multi-specialty practice or single specialty practice. Or even if you run your own surgery center, that's even there, you start to get a little different feel than running just to practice. And then you need to really go from, you know, patient accountability, which is important in terms of you're accountable for the healthcare of the patient, which even in a hospital executive position you still are, but it's organizational accountability and it's different. You're no longer a lone wolf. You're working as a unit with others at your level.

And you have to learn to be accountable to one another and to the CEO. So let's focus on three of these aspects in a little more detail. So that accountability part is pretty darn important. And basically one way to define that is that you, you do what you said you would do when you said you would do it. And sometimes we'll add and the way you said you would do it. Now, in some things that you're saying you're going to do, you're gonna get done, you don't really care how it gets done. You know, if you're supervising some director, you say, look, you told me you're gonna do X, you're gonna meet this budget, and by six months from now, you're going to have this project halfway completed, fine. Just make sure you do what you said you would do when you said you would do it.

On occasion, you want to add the way you said you would do it. So sometimes the way you achieve something is important. Obviously, it has to be quite legitimate and honest and straightforward and not underhanded in any way. But as a leader, sometimes you don't want to worry so much about the way things are done. If they have a goal and the outcome is important, and as long as we're being authentic and we're being honest, then, you know, there are multiple ways to achieve the same goal. But again, if you want to quote this, do what you said you would do, when you said you would do it, the way you said you would do it, if you want to be accountable. And this could be to your team or to your boss. And when you don't achieve that, then you need to make amends.

So, the other thing that's really important is if you committed to something, if you promised to do something or just even agreed to some goal, you need to learn to apologize appropriately when it's not achieved. And that's what accountability is. And that means that, and this came up a lot in our senior management teams, we would meet and say, "Hey, you know, two weeks ago, this was what you said you were going to do. And you said it was going to be done by this meeting. So what have you got to show us?" And if one of us didn't have it, it meant that we had to say, "well, you know what I did, I committed to doing that two weeks ago. And I admit that I have not completed that. I don't have a reason or a good excuse was bad planning, timing and so forth on my part." So that's the first step is just admitting your mistake or your failure to comply with your own commitment, explain how you will rectify it. "I will get that done. In fact, I'll have that report that you needed by the end of the day tomorrow", commit to a deadline, which I did there.

That's basically it. Now, when you're being accountable and when you're stating that you did not meet the goal that you said you would meet, didn't complete what you said you would do, we never phrase it like this. Like, "I'm sorry" if, like, let's say that you were going to communicate with somebody and you ended up doing, you know, saying something that was not accurate.

You don't say, "well, I'm sorry if what I said bothered you. I didn't mean to bother you or to insult you." That's not really an apology because you're putting the if sentence in there, we're just putting it on them. Like if they took it the wrong way, you just say," I'm sorry, I offended you and I won't do that again," or in this case, to be accountable.

"Yes, I made a commitment. I did not meet that commitment. I'm sorry about that. And I make a recommit myself to completing this project by the end of the week. I will not fall behind in this project again." So you have to really commit to and not repeating your mistake. So accountability is a big thing. And a lot of physicians, I mean, we're accountable to our patients doing the right things and not doing something we're gonna get sued about or get reported about. That's one level of accountability. But when you're in a team for a large organization, you all have to make your commitments, stick to them and be ready to admit your mistake if you don't and move on. The other thing is it has to do with optimism. I think it's easy to become pessimistic and angry in healthcare.

You can, you know, you get, you feel like you're overwhelmed sometimes you're burnt out. And when you get that way, then you start to lash out, start to act negatively. You start to become resigned and that's not good for a leader. A leader cannot be depressed and resigned and feel like they have no control and they have to maintain a certain level of optimism that they and their team and the organization itself can solve important problems, can move forward successfully, and should not get that resigned feeling like nothing can change and we're not making any progress. Leaders with that attitude really don't last very long at all. So you have to avoid the negativity, defeatism, apathy, resignation, all those things I've mentioned.

You should embrace positivity, be kind of faithful, have faith, be inspired, be easy to encourage and encourage others. You know, always have hope and expectations that things will continue to get better because we're all working together to make things better and more successful and more responsive to our patients and to the community. So optimism is really important. If you can't...

If you can't be accountable and you cannot be optimistic, you really can't be a good leader. Then the other thing is humility in spite of all this. You're learning a lot, you're taking ever increasingly important levels of responsibility, working your way up to the C-suite, maybe even eventually become the COO or the CEO. But you have to have humility because again, you don't do anything by yourself. You should avoid being self-righteous if you'd fallen in that trap in the hospital and the operating room and the delivery room. If you become condescending, a part that goes back to being burned out or overwhelmed, but you have to stop that. You have to maintain some humility.

Continue to always be curious, meaning welcoming other people's opinion. When you're in a leadership role, it's not that you're making all the decisions without input from your peers and from the people that are reporting to you. You should focus on listening more than talking. You know, just because you're the chief medical officer doesn't mean when you're with your directors or with your teams, it's so-called that report up to you, they have the frontline observations. They have the frontline knowledge of what's actually going on day to day. You have to remain curious, you have to listen first. And then if there's a sort of a solution that's self-evident and a decision has to be made about, are we gonna invest money here? Are we gonna share personnel?

Are we going to try and find other ways to meet a goal? Then you might have to make that decision, but you need all the information first and that means being humble. I guess what I want you to just realize is that leading is a skill that builds on what you learned during your medical training, but it involves listening and inviting others to embrace your vision. And you know, you think about when you're a leader, you're always on stage and your patience, dedication, and integrity become a role model that are key to recruiting others to join your organizational journey as a leader. You're trying, like I said earlier, to get everybody on the bus that's going to debut. I mean, it's a metaphor, but it's one that one of my CEOs used all the time. It's like, we're all going to get on this bus and we're going together.

We're all going to hop in the boat and row in the same way, in the same direction. There's no sense us all being in the boat. We're all rowing in a different direction because then we're not going to move. And so really one of the core responsibilities for a leader is to inspire your team and to get them to want to join, not be forced to join.

Bottom line is if you are successful and you get 90, 95% of people to row in the same direction and hop on the bus that you're taking to debut, then if there's five or 10% that can't do it, won't do it for whatever reason, then they should be left behind. That means they should go find a job where they're going to be happier and more productive. So if those are the kinds of things when you're listening what I just talked about sound like fun. Well, then by all means, that's an indication that you should consider strongly to start your leadership journey. You've probably already been on it. If you're a physician and you're probably asked to do things and take on responsibilities where you're not just pitching in as a member of the team, but you're leading part of the team or leading the entire team.

Maybe you're working on temporary committees to solve a problem. Maybe you're chairing a committee that's really important. Or maybe you're on the board of a hospital or a public health organization, hospice, something like that. If you like that and what I've talked about today sounds like a fun, like I said, then go ahead and take off and continue your leadership journey.

I'll be coming back to talk about more issues related to management leadership in coming podcasts in addition to interviews with more that are also doing non-clinical jobs outside of leadership.

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The opinions expressed here are mine and my guest’s. While the information provided on the podcast is true and accurate to the best of my knowledge, there is no express or implied guarantee that using the methods discussed here will lead to success in your career, life, or business.

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